Mind the Gap No More: Achieving Zero-Gap Multimodal Integration via One Tokenizer
Abstract
One Tokenizer maps diverse modalities into a shared token space to eliminate geometric modality gaps and improve cross-modal reasoning in multimodal language models.
A central challenge in developing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is effectively integrating heterogeneous inputs into a cohesive reasoning engine. Current paradigms predominantly rely on modular architectures that introduce modality-specific encoders and cross-modal fusion mechanisms. However, these designs are fundamentally bottlenecked by a geometric modality gap, forcing the LLM to expend significant computational capacity on geometric reconciliation rather than deep cross-modal reasoning. In this work, we formally characterize this modality gap and theoretically demonstrate that native architectures, specifically those employing a unified vocabulary, intrinsically maintain a zero-gap state across all hidden layers. Guided by these theoretical findings, we propose One Tokenizer, a native architecture that maps all modalities directly into a shared token space. We empirically validate this framework on a DNA--text multimodal testbed. Our extensive evaluations reveal that by achieving seamless integration within the LLM's native latent space, One Tokenizer consistently outperforms encoder-based modular counterparts, providing a fundamentally superior framework for deep biological reasoning.
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