Datasets:
id stringlengths 20 20 | type stringclasses 2
values | question stringlengths 71 3.56k β | prompt listlengths 1 11 β | options unknown | answer_idx stringclasses 13
values | rubrics listlengths 3 48 β | teacher_response stringlengths 404 25.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
onepo_medical_000001 | multiple_choice | Which is the most impoant sign of significance of renal aery stenosis on an angiogram? | null | {
"A": "Presence of collaterals",
"B": "A percentage diameter stenosis > 70%",
"C": "Post-stenotic dilatation of the renal aery",
"D": "A systolic pressure gradient > 20 mm Hg across the lesion"
} | A | null | <think>
The question asks about the most important sign of significance of renal artery stenosis on an angiogram. Let me analyze each option:
A. Presence of collaterals - Collaterals can develop around a stenosis but their presence doesn't directly indicate hemodynamic significance. They may take time to develop and t... |
onepo_medical_000002 | multiple_choice | During a physiology practical, two students debate what actually starts force generation in skeletal muscle fibers after cytosolic Ca2+ rises. Which statement is the most accurate explanation for the initiation of contraction in skeletal muscle? | null | {
"A": "Ca2+ initiates contraction by activating myosin ATPase before any thin-filament regulatory change occurs.",
"B": "Ca2+ starts contraction by causing depolymerization of actin, exposing myosin-binding sites.",
"C": "Ca2+ binds to troponin, shifting the thin-filament regulatory complex so myosin can interac... | C | null | <think>
The question asks about the mechanism by which cytosolic Ca2+ rise initiates force generation in skeletal muscle fibers. Let me analyze each option:
A. "Ca2+ initiates contraction by activating myosin ATPase before any thin-filament regulatory change occurs." - This is incorrect. In skeletal muscle, Ca2+ does ... |
onepo_medical_000003 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 45-year-old patient with a known history of hypothyroidism presents with acute disorientation, aphasia, urinary incontinence, and new-onset status epilepticus that is refractory to standard first-line and second-line antiepileptic therapy. Infectious, metabolic, and toxic wor... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Identifies Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE), also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), as the primary suspected diagnosis.",
"points": 6
},
{
"criterion": "Notes that Hashimoto encephalopathy is largely a diagnosis of exclusion requi... | <think>
The user is asking me to analyze a complex clinical scenario involving a 45-year-old patient with hypothyroidism presenting with acute disorientation, aphasia, urinary incontinence, and refractory status epilepticus, with negative infectious/metabolic/toxic workup, normal imaging, and EEG showing paroxysmal sha... |
onepo_medical_000004 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 53-year-old man with a history of uncontrolled hypertension presents to the emergency department with acute neurological deterioration. On exam, he is semi-comatose (GCS 5), intubated, with an 8-mm right pupil and a 3-mm left pupil; pupillary light reflexes are bilaterally ab... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Recommends emergent neurosurgical intervention (e.g., craniotomy and decompressive tumor resection/hematoma evacuation) to alleviate life-threatening elevated intracranial pressure and brain herniation.",
"points": 8
},
{
"criterion": "Notes the preoperative differential diagnoses fo... | <think>
The user is asking me to provide a detailed medical analysis of a rare case: a 53-year-old man with an anaplastic solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) presenting with acute intratumoral hemorrhage causing herniation. Let me break down the four parts and provide a comprehensive, evidence-based res... |
onepo_medical_000005 | multiple_choice | A 58-year-old woman in the preoperative holding area receives an intravenous infusion of cefazolin prior to elective knee arthroplasty. Her home medications include metoprolol succinate, sacubitril-valsartan, and atorvastatin. Within 8 minutes of starting the infusion, she develops diffuse urticaria, wheezing, and ligh... | null | {
"A": "Administer vasopressin",
"B": "Administer diphenhydramine and famotidine",
"C": "Administer tranexamic acid",
"D": "Administer dexamethasone",
"E": "Administer calcium gluconate",
"F": "Withhold metoprolol and continue supportive monitoring",
"G": "Start methylene blue infusion",
"H": "Initiate ... | K | null | <think>
The question describes a 58-year-old woman who develops anaphylaxis (urticaria, wheezing, lightheadedness) within 8 minutes of starting cefazolin infusion. She has received:
1. Antibiotic stopped
2. High-flow O2
3. Two doses of IM epinephrine (0.5 mg each) - note: standard dose is 0.5 mg IM for adults
4. 2 L IV... |
onepo_medical_000006 | multiple_choice | An 8-month-old girl is evaluated for poor weight gain and gross motor delay. Physical examination shows marked pallor and diffuse hypotonia. Laboratory evaluation demonstrates:
- Hemoglobin: 6.2 g/dL
- Mean corpuscular volume: 114 fL
- Leukocyte count: 3,900/mmΒ³
- Platelet count: 135,000/mmΒ³
- Serum vitamin B12: 480 p... | null | {
"A": "Iron supplementation",
"B": "Pyridoxine supplementation",
"C": "Cobalamin supplementation",
"D": "Administration of arginine",
"E": "Folate supplementation",
"F": "Erythropoietin therapy",
"G": "Hydroxyurea therapy",
"H": "Thiamine supplementation",
"I": "Administration of leucovorin",
"J": ... | L | null | <think>
The question presents an 8-month-old girl with:
- Poor weight gain, gross motor delay
- Marked pallor, diffuse hypotonia
- Labs: Hb 6.2 (severe anemia), MCV 114 (macrocytic), WBC 3900 (low), Platelets 135,000 (low-normal) β pancytopenia
- Normal B12 (480), normal folate (14), normal ammonia (32)
- Peripheral sm... |
onepo_medical_000007 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 64-year-old man with recently diagnosed early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) presents for a follow-up consultation. He reports a history of chronic constipation that preceded his resting tremor and bradykinesia by nearly a decade. Having recently started carbidopa-levodopa, h... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Identifies alpha-synuclein misfolding, oligomerization, and aggregation into Lewy bodies/neurites as the hallmark pathology of Parkinson's disease.",
"points": 5
},
{
"criterion": "Distinguishes the 'gut-first' (body-first) subtype from the 'brain-first' subtype of Parkinson's diseas... | <think>
The user is asking me to provide a detailed, evidence-based response about the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease, specifically addressing four areas: (1) the gut-first hypothesis pathophysiology, (2) microbiome effects on levodopa pharmacokinetics, (3) evidence for microbiome-directed therapies, and (4) pra... |
onepo_medical_000008 | multiple_choice | A hospital infectious disease team is consulted on two postoperative patients on day 7 following broad-spectrum treatment for complicated intra-abdominal sepsis who both developed profuse watery diarrhea and tested positive for toxigenic Clostridioides difficile.
β’ Patient 1 is hemodynamically stable with a WBC count ... | null | {
"A": "Fidaxomicin 200 mg PO 2 times per day",
"B": "Fidaxomicin 200 mg PO 2 times per day + metronidazole 500 mg PO three times per day",
"C": "Rifaximin 550 mg PO three times per day",
"D": "Tigecycline 100 mg IV loading dose, then 50 mg IV twice daily",
"E": "Vancomycin 125 mg PO 4 times per day + metroni... | G | null | <think>
The question asks about the recommended initial therapy for Patient 2, who has severe, fulminant (complicated) Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).
Let me analyze Patient 2's presentation:
- Day 7 post-broad-spectrum antibiotics
- Profuse watery diarrhea
- Positive for toxigenic C. difficile
- WBC 31,000/... |
onepo_medical_000009 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 76-year-old woman presents with acute left-sided sensory and motor deficits that were initially managed as a lacunar ischemic stroke. However, over three weeks her deficits progress, accompanied by new neuropsychological impairment. Follow-up brain MRI shows progression with ... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Identifies the central nervous system diagnosis as Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus reactivation.",
"points": 5
},
{
"criterion": "Identifies the underlying hematologic diagnosis as early-stage plasmacytoma or smoldering multiple myeloma.",
"poi... | <think>
The user is asking me to analyze a complex clinical case that appears to be based on a published case report. Let me break down the presentation and synthesize the information:
**Patient:** 76-year-old woman
**Initial presentation:** Acute left-sided sensory and motor deficits β initially managed as lacunar is... |
onepo_medical_000010 | multiple_choice | Type of pericarditis in tuberculosisa) Hemorrhagicb) Constrictivec) Fibrinousd) Serofibrinous | null | {
"A": "ac",
"B": "ab",
"C": "ad",
"D": "bc"
} | B | null | <think>
The question asks about the type of pericarditis in tuberculosis. Let me think about this carefully.
Tuberculous pericarditis can present in several forms:
1. **Fibrinous pericarditis** - This is the most common initial form. TB pericarditis typically starts as a fibrinous pericarditis with exudate.
2. **Serou... |
onepo_medical_000011 | multiple_choice | All among the following radioisotope are used as permanent implant except: | null | {
"A": "Iodine-125",
"B": "Palladium-103",
"C": "Gold-198",
"D": "Caesium-137"
} | D | null | <think>
The question asks about radioisotopes used as permanent implants (brachytherapy). I need to identify which one is NOT used as a permanent implant.
Permanent implant brachytherapy uses long-lived radioisotopes that are left in place permanently. The isotope decays over time and the source remains in the body. T... |
onepo_medical_000012 | multiple_choice | A patient is known alcoholic since last 20 yrs, suddenly he develops restless tremors, agitation. Diagnosis ? | null | {
"A": "Delirium tremens",
"B": "Psychosis",
"C": "Wernicke's encephalopathy",
"D": "Kursakoff's syndrome"
} | A | null | <think>
The question asks about a patient who is a known alcoholic for 20 years and suddenly develops restless tremors and agitation. I need to determine the diagnosis.
Let me analyze the options:
A. Delirium tremens (DT): This is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal that typically occurs 48-96 hours after the last dr... |
onepo_medical_000013 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 56-year-old man diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) six months ago presents to the neuromuscular clinic for follow-up. He recently initiated riluzole 50 mg twice daily. He has mild early bulbar symptoms (slight dysarthria, occasional coughing when swallowing th... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Explains that Coenzyme Q10 (even at high doses such as 1200β3000 mg/day) failed to demonstrate functional benefit or survival prolongation in randomized controlled trials for ALS.",
"points": 3
},
{
"criterion": "Notes that creatine monohydrate failed to demonstrate efficacy in impro... | <think>
The user is asking for a comprehensive clinical evaluation of a dietary supplement regimen in a 56-year-old man with ALS who is on riluzole. Let me work through each supplement systematically, addressing: (1) clinical trial evidence for efficacy in ALS, (2) drug interactions/toxicity/safety especially with rilu... |
onepo_medical_000014 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 3-day history of progressively worsening diffuse headache, nausea, and blurry vision. He has a history of poorly controlled primary hypertension but stopped taking his prescribed amlodipine and lisinopril 6 months ag... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Classifies the presentation as a hypertensive emergency (or malignant hypertension) based on severe blood pressure elevation accompanied by acute, progressive target-organ damage.",
"points": 4
},
{
"criterion": "Distinguishes hypertensive emergency from hypertensive urgency, noting ... | <think>
The user is asking me to provide a comprehensive medical analysis of a 48-year-old man presenting with what appears to be hypertensive emergency (malignant hypertension). Let me work through each of the 5 questions systematically.
Let me analyze the clinical picture:
- 48-year-old man
- 3 days of progressively... |
onepo_medical_000015 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 17-year-old male presents with a 6-month history of progressive mid-thoracic back pain that is dull, aching, worse at night, and only minimally responsive to ibuprofen. Over the past two weeks, he has noticed progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and brisk patellar r... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Identifies osteoblastoma (or spinal osteoblastoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst) as the most likely primary diagnosis.",
"points": 5
},
{
"criterion": "Includes aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in the differential diagnosis.",
"points": 2
},
{
"criterion": "Includes osteo... | <think>
The user is asking me to provide a comprehensive clinical evaluation and management plan for a 17-year-old male with a thoracic spine lesion. Let me analyze the presentation carefully and address each of the 5 questions.
**Clinical Analysis:**
- 17-year-old male
- 6-month progressive mid-thoracic back pain
- D... |
onepo_medical_000016 | open_ended | null | [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "A 56-year-old man presents with progressive bilateral painless submandibular swelling, bilateral flank fullness, and constitutional fatigue. Contrast-enhanced CT reveals diffuse bilateral enlargement of the submandibular glands, periaortic soft-tissue encasement in the retroper... | null | null | [
{
"criterion": "Identifies the 2019 ACR/EULAR entry criterion requiring characteristic clinical or radiologic involvement of at least one typical organ (e.g., pancreas, salivary glands, bile ducts, retroperitoneum, aorta, kidneys, pachymeninges).",
"points": 3
},
{
"criterion": "Notes that the 2019 ... | <think>
The user is asking for a comprehensive clinical and diagnostic appraisal of a 56-year-old man with suspected IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) presenting with bilateral submandibular gland enlargement, retroperitoneal fibrosis with hydronephrosis, and elevated creatinine. They want me to address four specific area... |
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β‘ Introduction
OnePO-Medical-20K is the medical RL dataset released with OnePO, containing 20,338 medical tasks across multiple languages.
- One stage, no preceding SFT. OnePO adapts pretrained models to medicine through a single reinforcement-learning stage.
- Two complementary task types. Multiple-choice questions provide verifiable answers. Open-ended conversations provide scoring rubrics.
- Teacher guidance included. Each task includes a HuatuoGPT-3 response for guidance during training.
π What's inside
| Task type | Samples | How responses are scored |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple-choice | 10,191 | Match the selected option against the correct answer. |
| Open-ended | 10,147 | Assess the response against weighted rubric criteria. |
Data file: onepo_medical_20K.json β a JSON array with one record per task.
| Fields | Description |
|---|---|
id, type |
Unique ID and task type: multiple_choice or open_ended. |
question, options, answer_idx |
Multiple-choice question, labeled options, and correct option label. |
prompt, rubrics |
Open-ended conversation and scoring criteria, each with criterion and signed points. |
teacher_response |
Teacher-generated response for training guidance, with reasoning in <think>...</think> followed by the final answer. |
Fields that do not apply to a task are null. Teacher responses can be replaced with outputs from another teacher model.
π Usage
Load directly from Hugging Face:
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("FreedomIntelligence/OnePO-Medical-20K", split="train")
print(dataset[0])
To train with OnePO, follow the repository setup, then point TRAIN_FILE to the downloaded JSON:
TRAIN_FILE=/path/to/onepo_medical_20K.json bash OnePO.sh
π Citation
@inproceedings{chen2026onepo,
title={OnePO: Direct One-stage Policy Optimization for SFT-free Domain Adaptation},
author={Chen, Junying and Xie, Xinyuan and Li, Ziniu and Wang, Benyou},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Machine Learning},
year={2026}
}
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