PuzzleBench/Puzzle_Perception

Puzzle Perception — Segmentation + pVQA

A single table over two tasks on synthetic puzzle images:

• Segmentation — per-pixel masks over chess, maze and tower-of-hanoi under one unified 30-class label space.
• pVQA — multiple-choice perception probes over chess and N-Queens boards.

Every row carries the same 11 columns; the type column says which task it belongs to, and columns that do not apply are null.

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("PuzzleBench/Puzzle_Perception", split="test")
pvqa = ds.filter(lambda r: r["type"] == "pvqa")
seg = ds.filter(lambda r: r["type"] == "segmentation")

row = seg[0]
row["image"]                 # PIL.Image, 512x512 RGB
row["segmentation_labels"]   # e.g. ['black_square', 'white_queen', ...]

Columns

Column	Type	Segmentation rows	pVQA rows
id	int64	unique, contiguous from 0	unique, contiguous from 0
image	Image	512×512 RGB	512×512 RGB
mask	string	path to a mask PNG in this repo	null
puzzle	string	chess / maze / hanoi	chess / nqueens
image_path	string	source-tree path (provenance)	source-tree path (provenance)
type	string	segmentation	pvqa
segmentation_labels	list<string>	class names present in the mask	null
question	string	null	probe question text
answer	string	null	correct option, as text
question_id	string	null	q1…q8, joins pvqa_questions.yaml
options	list<string>	null	the full answer space

image is embedded in the Parquet as PNG bytes, so it renders in the viewer and load_dataset hands back a PIL.Image. mask is instead a path to a real file shipped under masks/, which keeps label maps — whose pixel values are 0..29 and therefore look almost black — out of the preview:

from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image

p = hf_hub_download("PuzzleBench/Puzzle_Perception", row["mask"], repo_type="dataset")
mask = np.array(Image.open(p))        # (512, 512) uint8, values in [0, 29]

Splits

Split	Total	Segmentation	pVQA	Per-puzzle
train	6000	6000	0	seg: chess 2000, hanoi 2000, maze 2000
val	1500	1500	0	seg: chess 500, hanoi 500, maze 500
test	2700	1500	1200	seg: chess 500, hanoi 500, maze 500 · pVQA: chess 800, nqueens 400
total	10200	9000	1200

pVQA appears only in test, and its rows are written before the segmentation rows of that split.

Segmentation labels

Masks are 8-bit PNGs whose pixel values are these class ids — no remapping at load time.

Puzzle	Class ids	Count
maze	0–7	8
chess	8–22	15
hanoi	23–29	7

Class id	Name	Puzzle
0	wall	maze
1	path	maze
2	start	maze
3	dest_a	maze
4	dest_b	maze
5	dest_c	maze
6	dest_d	maze
7	dest_e	maze
8	background	chess
9	white_square	chess
10	black_square	chess
11	white_pawn	chess
12	white_knight	chess
13	white_bishop	chess
14	white_rook	chess
15	white_queen	chess
16	white_king	chess
17	black_pawn	chess
18	black_knight	chess
19	black_bishop	chess
20	black_rook	chess
21	black_queen	chess
22	black_king	chess
23	background	hanoi
24	peg	hanoi
25	disk_1	hanoi
26	disk_2	hanoi
27	disk_3	hanoi
28	disk_4	hanoi
29	disk_5	hanoi

pVQA answer spaces

Puzzle	question_id	Question	options	Rows
chess	q1	Which quarter of the board is the white queen in? A=top-left B=top-right C=bottom-left D=bottom-right.	[A, B, C, D]	100
chess	q2	Which quarter of the board is the white bishop in? A=top-left B=top-right C=bottom-left D=bottom-right.	[A, B, C, D]	100
chess	q3	Is the leftmost white pawn in the top half or the bottom half of the board?	[top, bottom]	100
chess	q4	Is the white king above or below the black knight?	[above, below]	100
chess	q5	Are the white rook and the black king in the same row or the same column?	[Yes, No]	100
chess	q6	Are the white king and the black king on adjacent (touching) squares?	[Yes, No]	100
chess	q7	Is the white queen on the same rank, file, or diagonal as the black king?	[Yes, No]	100
chess	q8	Is there a white queen on the board?	[Yes, No]	100
nqueens	q1	Is the leftmost queen in the top half or the bottom half of the board?	[top, bottom]	100
nqueens	q2	Is the topmost queen in the left half or the right half of the board?	[left, right]	100
nqueens	q3	Is the leftmost queen above or below the rightmost queen?	[above, below]	100
nqueens	q4	Is the leftmost queen in the top, middle, or bottom third of the board?	[top, middle, bottom]	100

Files

Path	Contents
data/*.parquet	the table — 10200 rows
masks/{train,val,test}/*.png	9000 label maps, 8-bit, values 0..29
classes.yaml	30-class map + per-class loss weights
manifest.csv	unified_id,source_task,source_id,split
pvqa_questions.yaml	published question specs, nested by task

License

CC BY 4.0. If you use this dataset, please cite the PuzzleBench project.